Step 1: Divide the number into separate digits:
54432 => 5 4 4 3 2
Step 2: Calculate the distance between each digit and the next (the last digit with the first):
5 to 4 => 1
4 to 4 => 0
4 to 3 => 1
3 to 2 => 1
2 to 5 => 3
Step 3: Convert distances to codes (0=E[qual],
1 & 9 = C[onsecutive], 2-8 = N[one]):
1 => C
0 => E
1 => C
1 => C
3 => N
Step 4: Combine the filters to a string:
C E C C N = CECCN